If an Ada holder delegates to Abstain, then their stake is actively marked as not participating in governance.
The effect of delegating to Abstain on chain is that the delegated stake will not be considered to be a part of the active voting stake. However, the stake will be considered to be registered for the purpose of the incentives that are described in (Incentives for Ada holders to delegate voting stake)[https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/blob/master/CIP-1694/README.md#incentives-for-ada-holders-to-delegate-voting-stake].
A DRep identified by a stake key hash.
If an Ada holder delegates to No Confidence, then their stake is counted as a Yes vote on every No Confidence action and a No vote on every other action. The delegated stake will be considered part of the active voting stake. It also serves as a directly auditable measure of the confidence of Ada holders in the constitutional committee.
A DRep identified by a script hash.
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In order to participate in governance, a stake credential must be delegated to a DRep. Ada holders will generally delegate their voting rights to a registered DRep that will vote on their behalf.
In addition, two pre-defined DRep options are available:
AbstainandNo Confidence.