Cardano Cardano Reward System / The Holistic Reading by Input | Output Group · Cardano Business Unit
Welcome
Solution Evaluation Four CIPs evaluated against the V2 milestones — bundle no-go; analytical directions discussed in the §4 of the synthesis
Intro & Conclusion of the 4 CIPs Coverage matrix, cumulative findings, no-go verdict on the bundle
Stake-Cap Layer — Bind Pledge on σ′
CIP evaluation synthesis Two stake-cap shapes, same intentIndex CIP-0050 — Pledge Leverage σ′ clip leaves A(ν, π) bottleneck unfixed▼ No-go CIP-0037 — Dynamic Saturation Same as CIP-0050 plus 20 % floor — A still unfixed▼ No-go
Fee Layer — Operator/Member Split
CIP evaluation synthesis Pricing-as-viability conflationIndex CIP-0023 — Fair Min Fees minPoolMargin floor — subsumed by CIP-0082 stage 2⊂ Moot CIP-0082 — Improved Rewards Scheme Margin swap + k-raises — inverts viability, regenerates 2020▼ No-go
Roadmap
Induced Problems
Mainnet Diagnostic What mainnet is actually doing — Reward-Flow evidence, the staking census, and the prior report
The Diagnostic Full narrative — observations, problem induction, and sub-report links The Staking CensusNew The four game player populations of Cardano's reward pipelineEvidence
Reward Flow
ReservesNew Treasury & pool-pot distributionStage 1 PoolsNew Distribution gaps across the pool populationStage 2 Operators/DelegatorsNew The operator's cut versus the delegator shareStage 3
Sandbox
SPO TopologyNew Interactive map — every active pool's hosting provider, region, ASN, saturation tierPlay
Past Analysis
Nov 2025 — Analysis of Cardano's Incentive Mechanism Lopez de Lara · prior mainnet diagnosticSD-L PDF
The Intended Game The intended mechanism — formal spec, narrative companion, and the academic antecedents the design rests on
Plain-prose narrativeNew Companion to SL-D1 — fills the narrative gap the formal spec left open Delegation Incentives Design Specification Kant · Brünjes · Coutts — 2019SL-D1 PDF
Research Papers
Reward Sharing Schemes for Stake Pools Brünjes · Kiayias · Koutsoupias · Stouka — 2020RSS-2020 PDF Incentives Against Power Grabs Kiayias et al. — 2021IAPG PDF Balancing Participation & Decentralization Kiayias et al. — 2024BPD PDF Reward Sharing in PoS with No-Pool-Choice Delegators Kiayias et al. — AFT 2025AFT-2025 arXiv
Cardano Constitution v2 The governance document the protocol operates under (ratified at epoch 609) — every milestone in the V2 spec must comply with it
Cardano Blockchain Ecosystem Constitution IntersectMBO — ratified at epoch 609 (v2)CONST-2 PDF Download the PDF Local copy on this siteDownload Source on GitHub Canonical markdown — IntersectMBO/cardano-constitutionSource Constitutional framework in the Roadmap How the Roadmap milestones cite the Constitution — three tenets + guardrailsIn Roadmap
Mainnet Diagnostic›The Staking Census›SPO Topology
Cardano Reward System / The Holistic Reading

An evidence-driven proposal for Cardano’s incentive mechanism.

For the Cardano network↗

Specification

  • Roadmap
  • The Intended Game
  • Induced Problems
  • Solution Evaluation

Repository

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  • Discussions↗
  • License↗

Built by

Input | Output Group
Cardano Business Unit
Edition2026/05/14
AuthorNicolas Henin↗
Sourceinput-output-hk/spo-incentives↗
© 2026 Input Output Group · Released under an open licence Built by I|O Group · For the Cardano network
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